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The Ball Screw under a preload is displaced by a 0 when an axial load (F t) approximately three times greater than the preload is provided from outside. As a result, the displacement of the Ball Screw under a preload is half the displacement (2a 0 ) of the Ball Screw without a preload. As stated above, since the preloading is effective up to approximately three times the applied preload, the optimum preload is one third of the maximum axial load. Note that an excessive preload adversely affects the service life and heat generation. The maximum preload should be set at 10% of the basic dynamic load rating (Ca) in the axial direction. Rolled ball screws

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• Dynamic Preload Torque A torque required to continuously rotate the screw shaft of a Ball Screw under a given preload without an external load applied.
•  Actual Torque A dynamic preload torque measured with an actual Ball Screw.
•  Torque Fluctuation Variation in a dynamic preload torque set at a target value.
•  It can be positive or negative in relation to the reference torque.
• Coeffi cient of Torque Fluctuation Ratio of torque fluctuation to the reference torque.

 Calculating the Reference Torque  : 

Lead angle lead π×ball center-to-center diameter tanβ = = = 0.0762 10 π×41.75 Fa 0

 : Applied preload=3000N

 Ph : Lead = 10mm 3000 × 10 2π Fa0•Ph 2π Tp = 0.05 (tanβ) –0.5 = 0.05 (0.0762)–0.5 = 865N • mm

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Ballscrews, also called a ball bearing screws, recirculating ballscrews, etc., consist of a screw spindle and a nut integrated with balls and the balls’ return mechanism, return tubes or return caps. Ballscrews are the most common type of screws used in industrial machinery and precision machines. The primary function of a ballscrew is to convert rotary motion to linear motion or torque to thrust, and vice versa, with the features of high accuracy, reversibility and efficiency.